Rat experimental transplantation surgery springerlink. Frequently, these organisms cause no overt signs of disease. Artificial ventilation and perfusion fixation, chapter 27. Rabbit as an animal model for experimental research. The main objective of this book, experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat, is to contribute to the postgraduate studies of researchers in the biomedical area and in the study of the mechanism of action and the efficacy of drugs in different pathologies. This volume provides a full explanation and technical details to perform surgical techniques properly on small and large animal models. Experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat 1st.
It will continue to be an invaluable reference to specific information for laboratory workers and will help considerably in training new investigators in the proper and considerate use of this species. Experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat vetbooks. The laboratory rat is the domesticated form of the species. Genetically modified models are therefore created for that reason. Rodent surgery application of aseptic technique and perioperative care marcel i. The laboratory rat is one of the most popular experimental models for the experimental surgery of the liver. Ocular anatomy and variations in laboratory animals.
The development and the use of experimental animal models. The content was discussed and approved in the th ishen symposium, padova, italy, 28 april to 1 may 2008. To greatly reduce the risk of developing an allergy to rats there are a few simple rules to observe when working in the animal facility. Most publications are singlelaboratory studies with variables and poorly validated outcome measures, a small number of subjects, and limited standardization of techniques. Fundamental steps in experimental design for animal studies. The overall survival rate after transplantation is. These data demonstrate that fluid percussion injury in the rat reproduces many of the features of head injury observed in other models and species. Lung transplantation lt is an established therapy for a variety of endstage pulmonary diseases. The laboratory rat as an animal model for osteoporosis. Thus far, experimental models that simulate surgeries used in the treatment of pharmacologically refractory epilepsy are hemispherectomy and hemidecortication performed in neonates and in young adult laboratory animals. The design of an adequate surgical model, like the choice of the animal model itself, is extremely important for obtaining reliable valuable data. An allinclusive guide to surgical techniques on rats the design of an adequate surgical model, like the choice of the animal model itself, is extremely important for obtaining reliable valuable data. The history and development of the rat as a laboratory model.
An allinclusive guide to surgical techniques on ratsthe design of an adequate surgical model, like the choice of the animal model itself, is extremely important for obtaining reliable valuable data. Experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat summarizes a series of techniques that were applied in the bone biology laboratories, school of medicine, rosario national university, argentina. However, many of the natural pathogens of these laboratory animals may alter host physiology, rendering the host unsuitable for many experimental uses. Animal spinal cord injury sci models have proved invaluable in better understanding the mechanisms involved in traumatic sci and evaluating the effectiveness of experimental therapeutic. Taconic biosciences model search lets you quickly pinpoint the exact animal your research needs from nearly 4,500 traditional and genetically engineered taconic mice and rats. Nowadays, the laboratory rat is one of the most popular experimental models for the research, because it is easy to handle and inexpensive. Ocular anatomy and variations in laboratory animals rodent, rabbit, primate, dog dick dubielzig. Use the filters to rapidly narrow your search, or see our search tips for more instructions. Rodent surgery application of aseptic technique and. Laboratory codes each laboratory or institution that breeds rodents should have a laboratory code. The laboratory rat, second edition american college of laboratory animal medicine this second edition features updated information on a variety of topics including. Experimental oral candidiasis in animal models clinical. A female wistar rat, 6 months of age, weighing 290 g, with a 20 cm crown. Guidelines for the design and statistical analysis of experiments using laboratory animals michael f.
The laboratory rat, second edition pdf medical books. Natural pathogens of laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits. The quick reference section brings together all tables from the text, allowing readers to find data swiftly. Guidelines for the design and statistical analysis of.
A new model of experimental choroidal neovascularization. The laboratory rat is by far the most used animal model in transplantation of liver and intestine 7, 8 and gastrointestinal tract diseases studies. Numerous surgical techniques have been developed that permit the investigator to carry out studies with high clinical relevance. Experimental pathology list of high impact articles. Thus, this animal model could represent a useful experimental approach to studies of pathological changes similar to those seen in human head injury. Currently, cas can only be treated with invasive surgical procedures. Genetic models of hypertension and heart failure in rats. The most appropriate models to test for recurrences after endovascular occlusion were the surgical bifurcation model in dogs, and the elastaseinduced aneurysm model in rabbits. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphometric parameters, physiological data, differences in configuration of liver lobes, biliary system, and vasculature arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels of the liver. The aim of the branch of experimental pathology is to execute laboratory research that provides visions into emerging clinical therapies for patients with unmet needs. Reported analgesic and anaesthetic administration to.
According to the report from the registry of the international society for heart and lung transplantation ishlt in 2010, more than 2700 lung and heartlung transplantations are performed annually. This definitive work provides technical and practical data including volumes and concentrations of solutions, catheters used, equipment, and biological variables on the rat. Veterinary pathology swine as models in biomedical. Laboratory rats are one of the most commonly used species for biomedical. Osteoporosis is an important systemic disorder, affecting mainly caucasian women, with a diverse and multifactorial etiology. Philipeaux titulado note sur le extirpation des capsules surrenales chez. Surgical models are examples of experimental or induced models. Stereotactic neurosurgery is used in preclinical research of neurological and psychiatric disorders in experimental rat and mouse models to engraft a needle or electrode at a predefined location.
Bhat 2 1 department of periodontics, mgm dental college and hospital, navi mumbai, india. Spontaneous pancreatic undifferentiated pleomorphic. Experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat crc. Experimental and surgical techniques in the rat 2nd edition. This study provides the most complete angiographic, histologic, and ultrastructural documentation of experimental choroidal neovascularization in the rat. Importance rat liver morphology and vasculature in. Experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat is a complete reference for todays biomedical sciences investigator. Later the tubby tub rat was cloned in a joint venture between the jackson laboratory, sequana therapeutics and the millenium group, but this line of tub rats came from a spontaneous mutation in 1977 in the jackson laboratory, and presented as a recessive autosomal inheritance. The book is organized into general and specific sections.
Warming the whole rat to a temperature around 400c by placing the animal into a thermostatically warmed hotbox. It is widely accepted that when animals are used in experimental procedures, then measures should be taken to minimize pain and distress. Postoperative pain in sprague dawley rats after liver biopsy by laparotomy versus laparoscopy. These guidelines were prepared by the commission on experimental models of hepatic encephalopathy appointed by the international society for hepatic encephalopathy and nitrogen metabolism ishen. This chapter presents the taxonomy of laboratory rat and discusses its stocks and strains. Experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat edited by alfredo rigalli and veronica. Altman abstract for ethical and economic reasons, it is important to design animal experiments well, to analyze the data correctly, and to use the minimum number of animals necessary to achieve.
In one such model, the dahl saltsensitive rat, hypertension and heart failure develop gradually in rats placed on a highsalt diet. Moreover, when the mouse is used as an animal model for human nutritional conditions, specific experimental conditions need to be taken care of. Experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat 1st edition alf. Hedrich, in the laboratory rat second edition, 2006. Several experimental interventions are used to induce osteopenia and osteoporosis in the rat figure 1. Rabbit as an animal model for experimental research manjeet mapara, 1 betsy sara thomas, 2 and k. Ethical considerations, as well as the existence of significant amounts of background data, from a regulatory perspective, provide further support for the use of this species in experimental or pharmaceutical research studies. Experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat.
The relationship between the rat grimace scale and mechanical hypersensitivity testing in three experimental pain models. The laboratory rat has long been used in experimental physiology and has made significant contributions to several complex areas of mammalian biology. Surgical anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract and its. Among these, the laboratory rat is the preferred animal for most researchers. Experimental pathology is a diseaseoriented theory testing or engendering research.
The mandatory rearing facilities for ethical clearance for surgical procedures on larger animals are very elaborate and expensive, generally only within the capacity of central animal research facilities. Since the tail of the rat is a major thermoregula tory organ with a large surface available for heat loss, an enhanced blood flow in the dilated veins and hence a successful venipuncture can be ensured y warming prior to injection. Rat experimental transplantation surgery a practical. National academy of sciences is a private, nonprofit, selfperpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. In addition, our own experimental studies of the animal models are also briefly discussed.
Aside from these single locus effects, which may be modified by the genetic background, quite a number of rat strains are selffunctioning as spontaneous complex disease models, and thus provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of disease. The monkey, rat, and mouse are the choice models for investigating oral candidiasis, but comparisons between the same or different models appear difficult, because of variables such as the study design, the number of animals used, their diet, the differences in candida strains, and the duration of the studies. Experimental neurosurgery in animal models miroslaw. The third edition of the laboratory rat features updated information on a variety of topics, including rats as research models for basic and translational research in areas such as genomics, alcoholism, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, neuroscience, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, regenerative medicine, and infectious disease. Many laboratories routinely perform surgical procedures in which a closed fracture is induced using rat or mouse models. It is important to wear good protective clothing gown or boilersuit, hat and gloves and adequate respiratory protection at all times. In addition to inducing pressure overload by surgical means, several genetic models of hypertension and heart failure in rats have been used extensively. The animal models of experimental esophageal injury are summarized with focus on the surgical procedures to guide the investigator in choosing or developing a correct animal model in future studies. The laboratory rat handbook of experimental animals usp. Experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat summarizes a series of techniques that were applied in the bone biology laboratories, school of med. Experimental models are those that need to be created to attend the desired conditions to be tested. A fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in. In addition, 24 28% of 86 lesions studied by fluorescein angiography demonstrated leakage. The first six chapters of experimental neurosurgery in animal models focus primarily on the brain, while the.
Experimental surgical models in the laboratory rat summarizes a series of techniques that were app. Molecular biology has permitted modifying the animal genoma to attain the aims of some studies. The election of an experimental model is the crucial point in a research project. A total volume of 1 ml blood was drawn from the lateral tail vein of each rat, using a 23gauge needle and 1 ml syringe 12. Cerebral aneurysms cas have a high prevalence and can cause a lethal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surgical procedures and experimental outcomes of closed. A new model of experimental hemispherotomy in young adult. Improvements of surgical techniques in a rat model of an. To unravel the underlying mechanisms of ca formation and to develop new therapeutic drugs for cas, animal models of ca have been established, modified, and analyzed. The rate of loss of bone mass in male and female rats is highly dependent on the method used to induce osteoporosis and the site evaluated and whether this loss concerns cancellous or cortical bone. The benefits of such surgical models range from general orthopaedic trauma applications to the assessment of the healing process in. Summary laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits may harbor a variety of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal agents.
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